EnergyAudit

Energy Audit Guide

Step-by-step guidance on ASHRAE audit levels, Energy Conservation Measures, and implementation strategy.

ASHRAE Audit Levels

Level 1
Walk-Through Analysis

A brief survey of the facility to identify low-cost/no-cost improvements and potential capital improvements. Reviews utility bills and conducts a walkthrough.

Duration
1–2 days
Typical Cost
$0.05–0.15/sq ft
Deliverables
  • Utility bill analysis
  • List of low-cost ECMs
  • Rough order-of-magnitude savings estimates
Recommended
Level 2
Energy Survey & Analysis

A detailed energy analysis of all building systems. Provides detailed savings and cost analysis for all identified ECMs. Required by most utility rebate programs.

Duration
1–2 weeks
Typical Cost
$0.15–0.40/sq ft
Deliverables
  • Detailed ECM analysis with costs & savings
  • Payback period calculations
  • Utility rebate pre-qualification
  • Implementation priority ranking
Level 3
Detailed Analysis / Investment Grade

A comprehensive engineering analysis with detailed project costs and savings projections suitable for capital investment decisions and financing applications.

Duration
3–8 weeks
Typical Cost
$0.40–1.00/sq ft
Deliverables
  • Investment-grade financial analysis
  • Detailed engineering specifications
  • Contractor bid documents
  • Financing package support

Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)

💡
LED Lighting Retrofit
Lighting

Replace metal halide/fluorescent fixtures with high-efficiency LED + occupancy sensors.

50–75%
Savings
$1.5/sf
Install
2.2yr
Payback
❄️
HVAC System Upgrade
Hvac

Replace aging units with ENERGY STAR® certified equipment and smart controls.

10–21%
Savings
$3.5/sf
Install
5.5yr
Payback
🌀
Variable Air Volume (VAV) Conversion
Hvac

Convert constant-volume HVAC to VAV systems for demand-based airflow control.

10–20%
Savings
$2/sf
Install
4yr
Payback
🏗️
Building Envelope & Insulation
Envelope

Air sealing, dock door seals, roof/wall insulation upgrades to reduce thermal loss.

15–30%
Savings
$1.2/sf
Install
3.5yr
Payback
☀️
Cool Roof Installation
Envelope

Reflective roofing membrane reduces solar heat gain and cooling load in warm climates.

7–15%
Savings
$0.8/sf
Install
4.5yr
Payback
Rooftop Solar PV Array
Solar

Warehouse rooftop solar generation to offset electricity consumption and peak demand charges.

20–40%
Savings
$5/sf
Install
7yr
Payback
🖥️
Building Management System (BMS)
Controls

Centralized automation for HVAC scheduling, lighting controls, and energy monitoring.

8–15%
Savings
$1/sf
Install
3yr
Payback

Priority Sites for Immediate Action

SiteStateCost IndexRecommended Action
LAXCA1.76×Immediate Level 2 audit. SCE/LADWP rebates available. High solar potential.
SJCCA1.82×Immediate Level 2 audit. PG&E 0% financing up to $6M. SGIP storage incentive.
SANCA1.85×Highest priority. SDG&E has highest rates in the US. Level 2 audit + solar PV.
US-HQCA1.76×Level 2 audit. Leverage PG&E Strategic Energy Management Program.
BOSMA1.47×Level 2 audit. Mass Save® no-cost assessment available. High gas rates.
EWRNJ1.25×Level 2 audit. PSE&G on-bill financing available. NJCEP up to 70% of project cost.

Implementation Roadmap

1
Commission ASHRAE Level 2 Audit
Engage a certified energy auditor (CEM) for all sites with composite index > 1.2. Budget $0.15–0.40/sq ft.
2
Prioritize ECMs by Payback
LED lighting (1.5–3.5 yr payback) and BMS controls (3 yr) should be implemented first as quick wins.
3
Apply for Incentives Before Installation
Most utility rebate programs require pre-approval before work begins. File applications immediately after audit.
4
Implement in Phases
Phase 1: Lighting + Controls (Year 1). Phase 2: HVAC upgrades (Year 2). Phase 3: Envelope + Solar (Year 3).
5
Claim 179D Tax Deduction
Work with a qualified tax professional to claim the Section 179D deduction on your next tax return. Up to $5.81/sq ft.
6
Verify Savings & Measure & Verify
Use your BMS to track actual savings vs. projected. Conduct annual utility bill benchmarking.

Data Sources & References

EIA Table 2.10 — Average Commercial Electricity Rate by State, 2024
EIA Natural Gas Commercial Price Summary by State, 2024
AWWA / World Population Review — Water Rates by State, 2024
ASHRAE Standard 211 — Commercial Building Energy Audits
IRS Section 179D — Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings Deduction
DOE ENERGY STAR® Building Certification Program
Atrius / CBRE — Warehouse Energy Efficiency Benchmarks, 2023
Rimkus — Commercial Energy Audit Cost & Savings Data, 2024